Impact of Arabica Coffee Rehabilitation on Socioeconomic Factors in Manufahi, Timor-Leste
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3007/w5sp0k39Keywords:
Agricultural rehabilitation, Coffee production, Arabica coffee, Smallholder farmers, Farmer income, Socioeconomic impact, Coffee farming, Crop productivity, Land restoration, Coffee rehabilitation, Coffee yield, Sustainable agriculture, Rural, LivelihoodsAbstract
Agricultural rehabilitation programs are key global strategies for restoring degraded land, boosting crop productivity, and improving smallholder livelihoods, especially in areas where agricultural decline threatens food security and income stability. In coffee-producing regions, these programs aim not only to increase production but also to enhance quality and economic value. However, despite widespread implementation, the effectiveness across regions and demographics remains underexplored, particularly regarding how socioeconomic factors impact outcomes. This study aims to assess the impact of full stumping rehabilitation on coffee production and farmer income, and to determine how factors such as family size, age, and gender influence these outcomes in Timor-Leste. The research was conducted in Same, Manufahi municipality, chosen for its significance as an Arabica coffee production hub. It focuses on Arabica red cherry coffee farmers who completed full stumping in 2019, with coffee as their primary livelihood, and is limited to landowning farmers. The study specifically examines their income, considering the time and sources of income from Arabica coffee. The results show that the coffee rehabilitation program significantly increased farmers' production and income across various regions. Production increased by more than 100% in Babulo and Letefoho, and farmers' income increased by up to 200% in certain areas. However, the program's impact varied across socioeconomic groups and regions. Larger families were better able to benefit from the program due to more efficient labor allocation. Middle-aged farmers (35-50 years) achieved the highest increases in production and income. Some regions, like Carbulau and Tomonamo, saw only slight improvements, highlighting regional gaps in the program's effectiveness. Limited data on female farmers indicate that although both men and women experienced increases, men saw more variability and greater potential for improvement. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test confirms that changes in production and income were statistically significant, demonstrating the program's effectiveness while also identifying areas for targeted intervention to improve outcomes in underperforming regions or groups.
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